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Hort. Series # 237

Principle Investigators

Jonathan R. Schultheis, Professor and Extension Specialist
Keith D. Starke, Agricultural Research Associate
Maxton D. Collins, Research Assistant

General Cultural Practices

The squash study was established on white plastic mulch. Pesticides used on all plots were chemicals labeled for that crop, 2019 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual.

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Cathy Herring, (Superintendent), and Charles Barrow, (Horticulture Supervisor, Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC), as well as, the personnel at the research station for their help in establishing, maintaining, and harvesting the squash cultivar evaluation study. We want to acknowledge the following summer employees for their assistance with the study: Benjamin Indermaur, Tanner Seay, Daria Slack, as well as, graduate student; Alyssa Woodard. We would also like to thank Joy Smith for conducting the statistical analysis on the data that were collected in this study. The cooperation and support from Bejo, Enza Zaden, HM Clause, Rijk Zwaan, Sakata, Seedway, Seminis, Syngenta and VoloAgri are also appreciated. This research was also supported by a grant from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research for the CucCAP Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant under award number 2015-51181-24285.

Disclaimer

This publication presents data from the cultivar evaluation study conducted during 2020. Information in this report is believed to be reliable but should not be relied upon as a sole source of information. Limited accompanying detail is included but excludes some pertinent information, which may aid interpretation.

Table 1. Zucchini Squash Sources and Descriptions; 2020.

Cultigen	Seed Company	Description
Cardea	Seedway	Medium green fruit; mostly  straight with wider taper at blossom end; slight ridging entire length of fruit; average peduncle;  fruits not all perfect shapes,  with intermittent bulges throughout the length of the fruit; generally produced more marketable fruit across all harvests  compared with other entries.
Cash  Machine	Enza Zaden	Medium to dark green fruit; straight fruit with moderate taper at blossom end; slight ridging along entire fruit but not very discernable; average peduncle; very smooth fruit; most  compact plant of all entries.
Green Machine	Enza Zaden	Medium green fruit; most fruit straight with no taper; ridging entire length of fruit; compact to average peduncle; fruit in 12th harvest were generally all too short; speckling more apparent than most other entries.
Leopard	HM Clause	Medium to dark green fruit; generally straight fruit but some  have slight curve; fruit taper at blossom  end; very slight ridging at stem end of fruit; average peduncle; pronounced speckling  give fruit slightly lighter green appearance;  intermittent  bulging along the length of fruit.
Respect	HMClause	Generally dark green fruit; mostly straight  fruit with taper at blossom end; ridging along length of fruit; compact to average peduncle;  fruits throughout entire trial did not size and appeared to lack adequate significant pollination; multiple fruit on plants remained small and these fruit all had dark green color.
Spineless  King	Seedway	Medium green fruit; straight fruit with slight taper at blossom end; slight ridging mainly on stem end; average peduncle; fruit were generally longer than desirable for markets; fairly pronounced speckling on fruit.
Spineless  Supreme	Syngenta	Medium to dark green fruit; generally straight fruit with slight taper at blossom end; slight ridging primarily near stem end; compact to average peduncle; most fruit had bulging along the entire length, which diminished fruit quality.
Tribute	HM Clause	Medium green fruit; generally straight fruit with taper at blossom end; slight ridging at stem end; average peduncle;  a few fruit with tendency to slightly bulb at blossom end; speckling noticable.
23-147	RijkZwann	Medium to dark green fruit; generally straight fruit with slight taper at blossom end; very slight ridging entire length of fruit; average to long peduncle;  limited marketable fruit to make ratings because most were culls.
1023-401	Rijk Zwann	Dark green fruit; generally straight with slight taper at blossom end; slight ridging primarily at stem end; average to long peduncle; many fruits had bulges or had bulbous blossom end resulting in more culls and lower fruit grades.
697	Seedway	Mainly dark green fruit; generally straight fruit withtaper; slight ridging entire length of fruit; compact peduncle;  some fruit tend to have skinny neck at stemend.
A10129	Bejo	Medium to dark green fruit; straight fruit with taper atblossom end; slight ridging the entire length of fruit;average peduncle; slight bulging along length of fruit.
A10131	Bejo	Medium to dark green fruit; mainly straight with widertaper at blossom end; pronounced riding entire lengthof fruit; average peduncle;  fruit tend to be longer thanmost  other entries.
A10133	Bejo	Medium to dark green fruit; straight fruit with slighttaper at blossom end; slight ridging at stem end offruit; average peduncle;  tendency to have  bend onsome  fruit at stem end.
A10138	Bejo	Medium to dark green fruit; mainly straight fruit withslight taper at blossom end; slight ridging entire length of fruit; compact to average peduncle;  does have atendency  to produce long, skinny fruit that may not taper.
A10139	Bejo	Dark green fruit; straight fruit with very slight taper at blossom end; minimal ridging entire length of fruit;compact to average peduncle;  slender/longer fruit notsuitable for markets.
A10141	Bejo	Medium to dark green fruit; straight fruit with taper atblossom end; slight ridging at stem end of most fruit;average peduncle; several fruit had slight bend along middle of fruit.
Bejo Experimental 10	Bejo	Medium green fruit; straight with wider taper atblossom end; slight ridging entire length of fruit;average peduncle; good legnth to width ratio.
E28Z.0069	Bejo	Medium green fruit; generally straight fruit with wider taper at blossom end; slight ridging entire length offruit; compact to average peduncle;  tendency  for most fruit to have skinny or constricted neck at stem end.
HMC 2439	HM Clause	Medium to dark green fruit; straight fruit with slight taper at blossom end; generally very slight ridging at stem end of fruit; compact to average peduncle; severe bulging along length of several fruit casuing them to be classified as grade 2 or culled.
SVYG 0914	Seminis	Medium to dark green fruit; straight fruit with taper at blossom end; slight ridging at stem end; long peduncle size; neck on some fruit slightly skinnier than desirable; majority of fruit with good market fruit length width dimensions.
SVYG 9956	Seminis	Medium to dark green fruit; straight fruit with taper at blossom end; very slight ridging mainly at stem end of fruit; long peduncle; fruit length width ratio good for markets.
USAS 17150	VoloAgri	Medium green fruit; straight fruit with moderate taper at blossom end; slight ridging at stem end; compact to average peduncle; pronounced speckling; most consistent producer in study with respect to fruit shape.
XSQ 4508	Sakata	Medium to dark green fruit; generally straight fruit with taper at blossom end; slight ridging entire length of fruit; compact to average peduncle; several fruit with noticable bulges resulting in less attractive appearance and demotion to grade 2 fruit.

Figure 1. Zucchini Squash photographs, Clayton, NC, 2020.

Zucchini Squash Cultural Practices for 2020 Cultivar Study, Central Crops Research Station; Clayton, NC

Introduction

Summer squash production in North Carolina totaled 4,600 acres in 2019 according to the most recent agricultural data. This was an increase of 800 acres from 2018 when summer squash production was reported to be 3,800 acres. More impressive was the $20.3 million dollar crop value of the 2019 squash crop, which surpassed the previous years’ crop by more than $2 million dollars (2019 State of NC Agriculture Overview). Summer squash ranks among the top 10 vegetables grown in North Carolina with Cleveland County (south central North Carolina) producing the greatest acreage of squash in the state. Moreover, summer squash remains an important crop to North Carolina producers as the state is ranked 5th among those states that produced the crop nationwide in 2019 (View data from the USDA Economic Research Service). North Carolina growers have maintained their competitiveness through producing squash cultivars that are highly desired by the consumer. In an effort to remain competitive in the marketplace and maximize profitability most growers seek to grow squash cultivars that will provide them with the highest yields and greatest overall fruit quality. The zucchini market in North Carolina has typically been supplied with a fruit that is medium green in color; however, some markets have seen increased demand for cultivars that produce a darker green fruit. Summer squash plantings in North Carolina typically experience higher incidence of disease and insect pressure since they are harvested in the fall when environmental factors favor increased presence of these plant pests and pathogens. In 2020 the field study was planted on 2 June and we began harvesting on 8 July. The squash were rated for marketable and nonmarketable yields, for early and late production, and for consistency of production throughout the harvest period. Quality measurements were collected and average plant stand counts were determined to conduct the most complete evaluation of each cultivar in the field study. We again included the number of fruit produced per plant over various harvest intervals, and for the entire production season to compliment the yield data.

Materials and Methods

Seeds were sown on 2 June 2020. Hills with seed skips were replanted 10 days after planting to maximize plant stand counts in each plot. Final stand counts were determined on 19 June (17 days after initial planting). The study area was treated with Telone C-17 (10 gal/ac) on 21 November 2019. A broadcast application of 12-6-24 pre-plant fertilizer (400 lb/ac) was made across the entire study area on 20 March 2020. White plastic mulch (1.25 mil thick high density film, 48 inches wide; B.B. Hobbs, Clinton, NC) and drip irrigation tape (NETAFIM, 12 inch spacing, 0.24 gal/min.; NETAFIM, Tel Aviv, Israel) was laid out in the field on 20 March 2020. The herbicides Gramoxone (3 qts/ac), Roundup (1 qt/ac) and Prefar (5 qts/ac) were applied as a on a rotational basis beginning 7 May and on the following dates: 3 and 30 June; 1 and 30 July 2020. The insecticides Assail and FanFare, were applied on a rotational basis as a preventative measure beginning 10 June and on the following dates: 18 and 25 June; 8, 16, 22, and 29 July; 6 August 2020. The following fungicide products were applied as a preventive measure and on a rotational basis throughout the entire growing season: Pristine, Procure, Ranman, and Vivando.

The first fungicide application was made on 18 June; and on the following dates: 25 June; 1, 8, 16, and 22 July 2020. Liquid fertilizer (4-0-8) was applied through drip irrigation beginning 24 June and on the following dates: 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 July; 3 and 12 August 2020. A total of 55.5 gallons of 4-0-8 liquid fertilizer was applied throughout the season. Harvests were conducted three times per week. The first harvest was 8 July and the final harvest (#12) was completed on 3 August 2020. The study was maintained with fertilizer applications until 12 August meanwhile fungicide treatments were discontinued on 6 August in order to facilitate powdery mildew to develop. Two ratings to assess susceptibility to powdery mildew were taken on 14 and 20 August 2020.

Most fruit were harvested when the blossom was detached from the fruit, and then categorized as marketable or non-marketable. Typically, marketable fruit would be graded into number one ‘fancy fruit’, while fruit that were slightly off in shape or color but still very marketable would be graded as number two fruit. Fruit that were small or apparently not pollenated, or were misshapen, were categorized as culls (non-marketable). Graded fruit were weighed and counted for each category and plot. The study design was a randomized complete block with four replications. In addition to yield, other quality measurements taken were: percent plant stand and average fruit length and width, plant architecture, fruit color, and spine ratings of the plant.

Results

Photographs of marketable fruit were taken on 15 and 31 July 2020; 7 and 14 August 2020 (Figure 1). Representative photos were also taken of zucchini fruit grades (Figure 2) and fruit shapes (Figure 3). A description of each zucchini cultivar is provided in (Table 1). This subjective information compliments the objective data presented in the remainder of the study (Tables 2- 12). The highest yielding (> 450 boxes/acre) cultigens (advanced line or cultivar) for marketable fruit in early harvests (1-4) were Cardea, Cash Machine, 23-401, Bejo Experimental 10, HMC 24939, SVYG9956, and XSQ4508 while the lowest yielding (< 250 boxes/acre) were Spineless Supreme, 23-147, and A10131 (Table 2). Mid-season included 4 harvests (5-8) (Table 2). On average yields were higher in the early-season versus the mid-season or late season harvests (9-12). The highest yielding mid-season cultigens (> 450 boxes/acre) for marketable fruit were Cash Machine, 23-401, HMC 24939, SVYG9956 and USAS 17150. Cultigens with the highest marketable yields (>350 boxes/acre) in the late season harvests (9-12) were Cardea, 23-401, HMC 24939, SVYG9956 and USAS 17150 (Table 2). The highest cull fruit production was in the late season harvests for all cultigens except A10139 and A10141 (Table 2). The cultigens that produced the most culls (>125 boxes/acre) were Cash Machine, Green Machine, Respect, Tribute, 23-147 and XSQ4508 (Table 2). No virus symptoms were observed in any fruit.

Marketable yields across all harvests (12) were greatest (> 1200 boxes/acre) for Cardea, Cash Machine, 23-401, HMC 24939, SVYG9956 and USAS 17150 while Respect, Spineless Supreme, 23-147, A10131 and A10141 had the lowest marketable yields (<800 boxes/acre) (Table 3). Fruit grade percentages across all harvests averaged 67% for number one fruit and 16% for number two fruit. The cultigens that produced the highest percentage of number one fruit (>75%) were Leopard, 23-401, 697, Bejo Experimental 10, E28Z.00697, SVYG9956 and USAS 17150. The cultigens with the lowest cull fruit production (<10%) were Leopard, 23-401, Bejo Experimental 10, SVYG9956 and USAS 17150. Disease pressure was minimal throughout the season in this study. Marketable fruit averaged 83% across all entries for the season (Table 3). Entries above the marketable fruit average were Cardea, Leopard, Spineless King and 23- 401, 697, A10133, Bejo Experimental 10, E28Z.00697, HMC 24939, SVYG0914, SVYG9956, USAS 17150 and XSQ4508. The entries with the highest cumulative yield (12 harvests) of marketable fruit were SVYG9956 (1400 boxes/acre) followed by 23-401 (1362 boxes/acre), USAS 17150 (1354 boxes/acre), HMC 24939 (1322 boxes/acre) and Cash Machine (1317 boxes/acre).

The highest percentage of marketable squash, averaged across entries, was obtained in the early season harvests (1-4) (89%) followed by mid-season harvests (5-8) (86%) and late season harvests (9-12) (74 %) (Table 4). The percentage yield of marketable fruit was especially high for Leopard, HMC 24939 and SVYG9956 (97%) for early season harvests (1-4); 23-401 (99%) and USAS 17150 (97%) for mid-season harvests (5-8); and for late season harvests (9-12) USAS 17150 (95%). Fruit quality declined throughout the season with the highest percentage of number one fruit occurring in the early season harvests (76%) and the lowest percentage of number one fruit occurring in the late season harvests (52%). Similarly, the lowest percentage of number two fruit occurred in the early season harvests (13%) and increased throughout the remaining harvests.

The average number of fruit per plant for each entry during three harvest intervals are shown in Table 5. Cumulative marketable fruit weight per plant over all harvests (12) averaged 4.7 lbs (Table 6), while cumulative marketable fruit number per plant averaged 12 and comprised 70% of the fruit harvested (Table 7).

The cumulative number of fruits per acre for each cultigen across all harvests (12) and for each grade are provided in (Table 8). The number of fruits per acre for each cultigen for early season harvests (1-4), mid-season harvests (5-8) and late season harvests (9-12) are provided in Table 9, with corresponding percentages in Table 10.

Plant stands were excellent with no cultigens averaging less than 95%. Data for fruit length and width were collected from four separate harvests (Table 11). Length and width of five marketable fruit per plot were taken in order to obtain an average length/width ratio for marketable fruit. In this study, cultigens that produced the longest fruit were A10138, Tribute, and A10131. In addition, all plots in the study were rated for the following characteristics: plant architecture (open or closed stalk positioning/density), plant vigor, fruit color, presence or absence of spines and powdery mildew resistance (Table 12). Cultigens with a dense architecture included Cash Machine and Spineless King, while cultigens with more openness were XSQ4508 and A10131 (Table 12). Cultigens with few or no spines were Spineless King, Spineless Supreme, and USAS 17150. The most vigorous vine growth was recorded on Cardea, while the cultigen with the least vigorous vines was HMC 24939 (Table 12). The cultigens with the lowest average incidence of powdery mildew were A10131, Bejo Experimental 10, A10139 and A10141 (Table 12).

Summary

Overall, yields and fruit quality in this study were below average. Fruit grades diminished throughout the study with number two fruit and culls increasing as the season progressed. This study was planted nearly five weeks later than usual due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exceptionally high heat indexes throughout the growing season may have had a negative impact on the study. We observed predominantly male flowers on the squash plants throughout July, which may have negatively impacted plant fruit set potential and the shape of set fruit. This could explain the low yield that occurred in the study. We have observed much higher yields in past years when plantings were made earlier in the season insert linkS uash booklet on CuCap webpage for 2018 and 2019 . Despite the later plant date neither insect pests nor disease pressure was an issue throughout the season.

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Table 2. Zucchini Squash cultigen study yields¹, number of 20 lb boxes per acre, per indicated harvests for replicated treatments. Clayton, NC, 2020.¹

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1			Fruit Grade #2			Culls			Total
	Harvests			Harvests			Harvests			Harvests
	1 – 4	5 – 8	9-12	1 – 4	5 – 8	9 -12	1 – 4	5 – 8	9 -12	1 – 4	5 – 8	9 -12
Cardea	462	337	276	29	43	96	39	35	102	530	415	475
Cash  Machine	432	389	219	53	123	101	43	96	160	528	607	480
Green Machine	317	295	120	103	115	152	43	62	147	463	472	419
Leopard	362	269	248	60	66	67	13	26	42	435	361	358
Respect	257	94	90	52	54	65	24	74	206	333	222	360
Spineless  King	309	296	149	36	58	97	17	18	60	362	372	306
Spineless  Supreme	203	227	126	22	66	61	12	60	82	237	354	269
Tribute	273	262	221	63	86	94	89	82	126	426	430	441
23-147	172	160	42	41	108	73	64	91	178	278	359	292
1023-401	439	490	304	42	19	68	26	4	40	507	513	412
697	338	260	247	20	20	50	34	43	52	392	323	349
A10129	268	266	168	71	66	82	96	53	94	434	386	344
A10131	195	166	163	49	53	48	50	73	87	293	292	299
A10133	356	307	235	79	65	92	30	30	121	466	403	448
A10138	252	255	196	98	79	82	53	36	104	403	370	383
A10139	304	211	221	75	58	61	94	74	81	473	343	363
A10141	244	157	194	66	71	57	82	84	73	393	312	324
Bejo Exp. 10	441	312	228	59	25	109	36	12	31	535	348	368
E28Z.0069	352	262	261	11	29	45	26	30	53	389	322	359
HMC 2439	437	404	248	30	67	137	16	36	121	482	507	506
SVYG 0914	319	291	173	13	45	54	30	30	66	362	366	294
SVYG 9956	515	423	241	25	69	128	14	22	90	553	513	459
USAS 17150	377	434	433	22	31	58	19	13	26	418	478	516
XSQ 4508	399	241	164	80	66	82	31	32	126	510	339	372
Average	334	284	207	50	62	82	41	47	94	425	392	383
LSD (0.05)	314	250	190	62	77	74	74	86	88	296	237	192

¹Total of 12 harvests. Planting was 2 June 2020. Harvests 1-4 occurred on 8, 10 , 13 and 15 July; Harvests 5-8 occurred on 17, 20, 22 and 24 July; Harvests 9-12 occurred 27, 29 and 31 July; 3 August 2020.
²Culls consisted primarily of misshaped fruit.

Table 3. Zucchini Squash cultigen study yields, cumulative boxes, (20 lbs.), per acre, among all harvests¹. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1	Fruit Grade #2	Culls²	Total	Percent (%)
					Fruit Grade #1	Fruit Grade #2	Total	Cull
Cardea	1075	168	176	1419	75	12	87	13
Cash Machine	1040	277	299	1616	64	17	81	19
Green Machine	732	369	252	1353	52	28	80	20
Leopard	880	193	81	1154	76	17	93	7
Respect	441	171	304	916	48	18	66	34
Spineless King	754	191	95	1040	72	18	90	10
Spineless Supreme	556	149	155	860	62	18	80	20
Tribute	757	243	297	1296	58	19	76	24
23-147	374	222	333	929	40	24	64	36
23-401	1233	129	70	1432	86	9	95	5
697	845	90	129	1064	79	8	88	12
A10129	702	219	242	1163	57	19	76	24
A10131	524	151	210	885	56	18	74	26
A10133	898	237	182	1317	68	18	86	14
A10138	702	259	194	1156	60	22	82	18
A10139	736	194	249	1179	62	17	78	22
A10141	595	195	239	1029	56	19	76	24
Bejo Experimental 10	980	192	79	1251	78	15	93	7
E28Z.00697	875	85	109	1069	81	8	89	11
HMC 24939	1089	234	173	1495	72	16	88	12
SVYG0914	783	112	126	1021	72	12	85	15
SVYG9956	1178	222	126	1526	77	14	92	8
USAS 17150	1244	111	57	1412	88	8	96	4
XSQ4508	804	227	190	1221	65	19	84	16
Average	825	193	182	1200	67	16	83	17
LSD (0.05)	604	133	179	563	27	23	23	23

¹Total of 12 harvests. Planting was 2 June 2020. Harvests 1-4 occurred on 8, 10 , 13 and 15 July; Harvests 5-8 occurred on 17, 20, occurred on
22 and 24 July; Harvests 9-12 occurred 27, 29 and 31 July; 3 August 2020.
²Culls consisted primarily of misshaped fruit.

Table 4. Zucchini Squash cultigen study yields¹. Percentage marketable US 1 and US 2 grade fruits and culls, and fruit per indicated harvests by number of 20 lb boxes for replicated treatments. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Percentage (%) of yield based upon grade.

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1			Fruit Grade#2
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12
Cardea	87	82	58	5	10	21
Cash Machine	82	62	45	10	21	20
Green Machine	66	59	29	24	25	36
Leopard	83	74	69	14	18	18
Respect	75	43	23	16	21	18
Spineless King	85	79	49	10	15	32
Spineless Supreme	81	63	46	12	19	21
Tribute	63	60	48	16	20	22
23-147	59	45	14	16	29	25
23-401	87	96	73	8	4	17
697	85	80	70	6	6	14
A10129	56	65	47	19	17	22
A10131	61	53	53	19	19	16
A10133	76	77	51	18	16	21
A10138	61	69	50	24	21	22
A10139	62	60	61	16	16	17
A10141	57	51	59	18	23	18
Bejo Experimental 10	82	89	61	11	7	30
E28Z.00697	89	80	73	3	9	12
HMC 24939	90	79	49	7	13	27
SVYG0914	86	76	53	5	14	20
SVYG9956	93	82	52	5	13	28
USAS 17150	90	91	84	5	6	11
XSQ4508	77	71	40	17	19	24
Average	76	70	52	13	16	21
LSD (0.05)	32	35	32	32	17	17

Percentage (%) of yield based upon grade.

Cultigen	Culls			Marketable
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12
Cardea	8	9	22	92	91	78
Cash Machine	8	17	34	92	83	66
Green Machine	10	16	35	90	84	65
Leopard	3	8	12	97	92	88
Respect	9	36	59	91	64	41
Spineless King	5	6	19	95	94	81
Spineless Supreme	7	18	33	93	82	67
Tribute	20	20	30	80	80	70
23-147	26	26	61	74	74	39
23-401	5	1	10	95	99	90
697	9	14	16	91	86	84
A10129	25	18	31	75	82	69
A10131	20	27	31	80	73	69
A10133	6	7	28	94	93	72
A10138	16	10	28	84	90	72
A10139	22	23	22	78	77	78
A10141	25	26	23	75	74	77
Bejo Experimental 10	7	4	9	93	96	91
E28Z.00697	8	11	14	92	89	86
HMC 24939	3	7	24	97	93	76
SVYG0914	9	10	27	91	90	73
SVYG9956	3	5	20	97	95	80
USAS 17150	5	3	5	95	97	95
XSQ4508	6	10	36	94	90	64
Average	11	14	26	89	86	74
LSD (0.05)	23	29	30	23	29	30

¹Total of 12 harvests. Planting was 2 June 2020. Harvests 1-4 occurred on 8, 10 , 13 and 15 July; Harvests 5-8 occurred on 17, 20, 22 and
24 July; Harvestrs 9-12 occurred 27, 29 and 31 July; 3 August 2020.
²Culls consisted primarily of misshaped fruit.

Table 5. Zucchini Squash cultigen study yields¹, average number of fruit per plant, per indicated harvests for replicated treatments.Clayton, NC, 2020.

Number of fruit per plant per harvest period²

Cultigen	Fruit Grade  #1			Fruit Grade  #2
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12
Cardea	4.1	3.4	3.1	0.3	0.7	1.2
Cash  Machine	4.4	4.3	2.8	0.9	1.7	1.4
Green Machine	3.2	3.5	2.3	1.6	1.7	2.3
Leopard	3.4	2.9	3.4	1.3	1.1	1.0
Respect	3.2	1.5	1.6	1.3	0.9	1.3
Spineless  King	2.8	2.7	2.0	0.6	0.7	1.1
Spineless  Supreme	2.3	2.5	2.1	0.7	0.8	0.9
Tribute	2.4	3.1	2.5	1.1	1.1	1.1
23-147	2.0	1.9	0.8	0.9	1.2	0.9
1023-401	3.7	3.9	3.3	0.6	0.3	0.7
697	3.6	2.3	2.9	0.4	0.3	0.5
A10129	3.0	3.0	2.2	1.4	1.1	1.1
A10131	2.2	2.1	2.1	1.0	1.0	0.8
A10133	3.4	3.3	2.9	1.3	0.9	1.2
A10138	3.1	3.9	3.1	1.8	1.4	1.8
A10139	3.2	2.8	3.0	1.2	0.8	0.9
A10141	2.4	2.1	2.5	1.4	1.3	0.9
Bejo Exp. 10	4.8	3.9	2.7	0.8	0.5	1.2
E28Z.0069	3.9	2.9	2.7	0.3	0.4	0.6
HMC 2439	4.4	4.2	2.9	0.5	0.7	1.6
SVYG 0914	3.0	3.2	2.3	0.4	0.6	0.6
SVYG 9956	4.9	4.3	2.9	0.3	0.9	1.5
USAS 17150	3.3	3.6	3.8	0.3	0.3	0.5
XSQ 4508	3.9	3.0	2.2	1.4	1.1	1.5
Average	3.4	3.1	2.6	0.9	0.9	1.1
LSD (0.05)	2.3	2.4	2.6	1.3	0.8	1.0

Number of fruit per plant per harvest period²

Cultigen	Culls³			Marketable
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvest 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12
Cardea	0.7	0.8	3.2	4.5	4.0	4.3
Cash  Machine	1.1	2.7	4.9	5.3	6.0	4.2
Green Machine	0.9	2.0	4.0	4.8	5.2	4.6
Leopard	0.4	0.6	1.7	4.7	4.0	4.4
Respect	0.7	2.2	7.8	4.5	2.4	2.8
Spineless  King	0.5	0.4	2.2	3.4	3.4	3.1
Spineless  Supreme	0.3	1.9	2.9	3.0	3.2	2.9
Tribute	1.9	2.1	2.8	3.6	4.2	3.7
23-147	2.0	3.4	5.8	2.8	3.1	1.6
1023-401	0.5	0.2	1.2	4.3	4.2	4.0
697	1.7	1.8	2.8	4.0	2.6	3.4
A10129	2.5	1.7	2.9	4.4	4.1	3.3
A10131	1.6	2.3	2.9	3.2	3.1	2.9
A10133	0.6	0.7	2.4	4.6	4.1	4.0
A10138	1.1	1.0	2.9	4.9	5.2	4.9
A10139	1.9	2.1	2.4	4.4	3.6	3.9
A10141	2.0	2.2	2.1	3.9	3.4	3.4
Bejo Exp. 10	1.0	0.3	1.0	5.6	4.3	3.9
E28Z.0069	1.3	1.3	2.5	4.2	3.2	3.3
HMC 2439	0.5	1.1	2.9	4.9	4.9	4.5
SVYG 0914	0.8	0.9	2.3	3.4	3.8	2.9
SVYG 9956	0.5	0.4	2.9	5.2	5.2	4.4
USAS 17150	0.4	0.3	0.4	3.6	3.9	4.3
XSQ 4508	0.7	0.7	3.4	5.3	4.1	3.8
Average	1.1	1.4	2.9	4.3	4.0	3.7
LSD (0.05)	1.8	2.5	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.6

Number of fruit per plant per harvest period²

Cultigen	Total
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12
Cardea	5.1	4.8	7.4
Cash  Machine	6.4	8.6	9.1
Green Machine	5.6	7.2	8.6
Leopard	5.0	4.6	6.1
Respect	5.2	4.6	10.6
Spineless  King	4.0	3.8	5.3
Spineless  Supreme	3.3	5.1	5.8
Tribute	5.5	6.3	6.4
23-147	4.8	6.4	7.4
1023-401	4.8	4.5	5.2
697	5.7	4.3	6.3
A10129	6.9	5.8	6.2
A10131	4.7	5.3	5.7
A10133	5.2	4.8	6.4
A10138	6.0	6.3	7.8
A10139	6.3	5.7	6.2
A10141	5.9	5.6	5.5
Bejo Exp. 10	6.6	4.6	4.8
E28Z.0069	5.5	4.5	5.8
HMC 2439	5.4	6.0	7.4
SVYG 0914	4.2	4.7	5.2
SVYG 9956	5.6	5.5	7.3
USAS 17150	4.0	4.2	4.7
XSQ 4508	5.9	4.7	7.2
Average	5.3	5.3	6.6
LSD (0.05)	2.0	2.0	2.7

¹Total of 12 harvests. Planting was 2 June 2020. Harvests 1-4 occurred on 8, 10 , 13 and 15 July; Harvests 5-8 occurred on 17, 20, 22 and 24 July; Harvests 9-12 occurred 27, 29 and 31 July; 3 August 2020.
²Average number of fruit harvested from each plant at each harvest period (i.e.:1-4; 5-8; 9-12).
³Culls consisted primarily of misshaped fruit.

Table 6 . Zucchini squash cultigen study. Cumulative fruit weight and percent per plant among all harvests¹. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1	Fruit Grade #2	Culls²	Total	% Fruit Grade #1	% Fruit Grade #2	% Culls
Cardea	4.9	0.8	0.8	6.5	76	12	12
Cash Machine	4.8	1.3	1.4	7.4	64	17	18
Green Machine	3.4	1.7	1.2	6.2	54	27	19
Leopard	4.3	0.9	0.4	5.6	77	16	7
Respect	2.1	0.8	1.4	4.3	48	19	33
Spineless King	3.5	0.9	0.4	4.8	72	18	9
Spineless Supreme	2.6	0.7	0.7	3.9	65	17	18
Tribute	3.6	1.2	1.4	6.1	59	19	22
23-147	1.7	1.0	1.5	4.3	40	24	36
23-401	5.7	0.6	0.3	6.6	86	9	5
697	3.9	0.4	0.6	4.9	79	8	12
A10129	3.2	1.0	1.1	5.3	60	19	21
A10131	2.4	0.7	1.0	4.1	59	17	24
A10133	4.1	1.1	0.8	6.0	68	18	14
A10138	3.2	1.2	0.9	5.3	61	22	17
A10139	3.4	0.9	1.1	5.4	62	16	21
A10141	2.8	0.9	1.1	4.9	58	19	23
Bejo Experimental 10	4.5	0.9	0.4	5.7	78	15	6
E28Z.00697	4.0	0.4	0.5	4.9	82	8	10
HMC 24939	5.2	1.1	0.8	7.2	73	16	12
SVYG0914	3.7	0.5	0.6	4.8	76	11	12
SVYG9956	5.4	1.0	0.6	7.0	77	15	8
USAS 17150	5.7	0.5	0.3	6.5	88	8	4
XSQ4508	3.7	1.0	0.9	5.6	66	19	16
Average	3.8	0.9	0.8	5.6	68	16	16
LSD (0.05)	2.8	0.6	0.8	2.6	–	–	–

¹Total of 12 harvests.
²Culls consisted of primarily misshaped fruit.

Table 7. Zucchini squash cultigen study yields, cumulative fruit number per plant and percent per grade among all harvests¹.

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1	Fruit Grade #2	Culls²	Marketable	Total	% Fruit Grade #1	% Fruit Grade #2	% Culls
Cardea	11	2	5	13	17	61	13	27
Cash Machine	12	4	9	15	24	48	16	36
Green Machine	9	6	7	15	21	42	26	31
Leopard	10	3	3	13	16	61	22	17
Respect	6	3	11	10	20	31	17	53
Spineless King	8	2	3	10	13	58	18	25
Spineless Supreme	7	2	5	9	14	49	16	35
Tribute	8	3	7	11	18	44	19	37
23-147	5	3	11	7	19	24	15	60
23-401	11	2	2	13	14	76	11	13
697	9	1	6	10	16	54	7	39
A10129	8	4	7	12	19	44	19	37
A10131	6	3	7	9	16	40	17	43
A10133	9	3	4	13	16	58	20	22
A10138	10	5	5	15	20	50	24	25
A10139	9	3	6	12	18	49	16	36
A10141	7	4	6	11	17	43	21	36
Bejo Experimental 10	11	2	2	14	16	71	15	14
E28Z.00697	10	1	5	11	16	61	8	31
HMC 24939	12	3	5	14	19	62	15	23
SVYG0914	8	2	4	10	14	60	12	28
SVYG9956	12	3	4	15	18	66	14	20
USAS 17150	11	1	1	12	13	82	8	9
XSQ4508	9	4	5	13	18	51	22	27
Average	9	3	5	12	17	54	16	30
LSD (0.05)	6	2	5	6	4	31	10	29

¹Total of 12 harvests.
²Culls consisted of primarily misshaped fruit.

Table 8. Zucchini squash cultigen study. Cumulative fruit number per acre and percentages, among all harvests¹. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1	Fruit Grade #2	Culls²	Total	% Fruit Grade #1	% Fruit Grade #2	% Culls
Cardea	45956	9583	20147	75686	61	13	27
Cash Machine	50094	17315	37353	104762	48	16	36
Green Machine	39095	24285	29730	93110	42	26	31
Leopard	39095	14375	10999	64469	61	22	17
Respect	26572	14810	45302	86684	31	17	53
Spineless King	32888	10128	13613	56628	58	18	25
Spineless Supreme	29621	10237	22107	61964	49	16	35
Tribute	33541	14375	29076	76992	44	19	37
23-147	19929	12524	48787	81239	24	15	60
23-401	47807	6643	8276	62726	76	11	13
697	38224	5080	27552	70856	54	7	39
A10129	35719	15682	30928	82328	44	19	37
A10131	27987	11652	28967	68607	40	17	43
A10133	41164	14266	15899	71330	58	20	22
A10138	43887	21562	21671	87120	50	24	25
A10139	38660	12632	27552	78844	49	16	36
A10141	29948	15246	27116	72310	43	21	36
Bejo Experimental 10	49223	10781	9583	69587	71	15	14
E28Z.00697	41382	5336	21889	68607	61	8	31
HMC 24939	47916	11326	18295	77537	62	15	23
SVYG0914	36155	6970	16771	59895	60	12	28
SVYG9956	52599	11543	16335	80477	66	14	20
USAS 17150	46391	4792	5118	56301	82	8	9
XSQ4508	39748	17315	20800	77864	51	22	27
Average	38900	12436	23078	74413	54	16	30
LSD (0.05)	24506	8493	23037	19323	31	10	29

¹Total of 12 harvests.
²Culls consisted of primarily misshaped fruit.

Table 9. Zucchini squash cultigen study yields¹. Number of fruit per acre by grade per indicated harvests for replicated treatments. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1			Fruit Grade #2
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12
Cardea	17969	14593	13395	1416	17533	5227
Cash  Machine	19166	18731	12197	3920	26027	6098
Green Machine	13939	15355	9801	6861	22651	10128
Leopard	13613	11761	13721	5554	16226	4356
Respect	13395	6425	6752	5554	10237	5445
Spineless  King	12306	11870	8712	2614	14702	4683
Spineless  Supreme	10019	10672	8930	3049	14048	3811
Tribute	10237	12850	10454	4683	17642	4900
23-147	8494	8168	3267	3703	13286	3703
1023-401	16226	17097	14484	2505	18404	2831
697	15573	9910	12741	1634	11108	2249
A10129	13177	13068	9474	5990	17860	4900
A10131	9474	9257	9256	4247	13395	3267
A10133	14593	14157	12415	5554	17860	5009
A10138	13613	16880	13395	7841	22760	7841
A10139	13721	12088	12850	5227	15573	3920
A10141	10237	9039	10672	5990	14484	3811
Bejo Exp. 10	20800	16771	11652	3594	18731	5227
E28Z.0069	16988	12524	11870	1307	14048	2505
HMC 2439	18404	17424	12088	1851	20255	6643
SVYG 0914	12632	13721	9801	1742	16335	2614
SVYG 9956	21127	18731	12741	1307	22542	6425
USAS 17150	14484	15573	16335	1089	16988	2287
XSQ 4508	17097	12959	9692	5881	17642	6752
Average	14470	13318	11112	3880	17097	4776
LSD (0.05)	10516	10217	9488	5460	3654	4463

Cultigen	Culls²			Total
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9 – 12
Cardea	2940	3485	13721	22325	21018	32343
Cash  Machine	4574	11543	21236	27661	37571	39531
Green Machine	3703	8712	17315	24503	31363	37244
Leopard	1525	2614	6861	20691	18840	24938
Respect	2940	9474	32888	21889	19711	45085
Spineless  King	2287	1851	9474	17206	16553	22869
Spineless  Supreme	1416	8168	12524	14484	22216	25265
Tribute	8276	8930	11870	23196	26572	27225
23-147	8821	14702	25265	21018	27987	32234
1023-401	2069	980	5227	20800	19384	22542
697	7514	7732	12306	24720	18840	27296
A10129	10890	7405	12632	30056	25265	27007
A10131	6752	9801	12415	20473	23196	24938
A10133	2505	3158	10237	22651	21018	27661
A10138	4574	4465	12632	26027	27225	33868
A10139	8276	9039	10237	27225	24611	27007
A10141	8821	9257	9039	25047	23740	23522
Bejo Exp. 10	4138	1307	4138	28532	20038	21018
E28Z.0069	5445	5663	10781	23740	19711	25156
HMC 2439	2069	4574	11652	22325	24829	30383
SVYG 0914	3376	3594	9801	17751	19929	22216
SVYG 9956	2069	1525	12741	24503	24067	31908
USAS 17150	1851	1416	1851	17424	18404	20473
XSQ 4508	2940	2940	14919	25918	20582	31363
Average	4574	5931	12573	22923	23028	28462
LSD (0.05)	7927	10759	11501	8922	8991	11365

¹Total of 12 harvests. Planting was 2 June 2020. Harvests 1-4 occurred on 8, 10 , 13 and 15 July; Harvests 5-8 occurred on 17, 20, 22 and 24 July; Harvests 9-12 occurred 27, 29 and 31 July; 3 August 2020.
²Culls consisted of primarily misshaped fruit.

Table 10. Zucchini squash cultigen study¹. Percent fruit number per acre per indicated harvests for replicated treatments. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Cultigen	Fruit Grade #1			Fruit Grade #2
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9  -12	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9  -12
Cardea	87	83	58	6	13	16
Cash  Machine	83	71	46	14	19	15
Green Machine	84	73	55	28	23	28
Leopard	94	86	74	26	24	18
Respect	86	52	26	25	19	12
Spineless  King	86	88	58	15	17	20
Spineless  Supreme	89	66	52	22	15	14
Tribute	66	68	58	21	18	18
23-147	58	47	22	18	18	12
1023-401	90	95	77	12	7	13
697	71	61	55	6	7	8
A10129	65	71	54	20	19	18
A10131	66	60	49	21	18	13
A10133	89	85	63	24	18	19
A10138	82	83	63	30	21	23
A10139	68	63	63	19	14	15
A10141	66	63	64	23	22	17
Bejo Exp. 10	86	94	81	13	10	25
E28Z.0069	78	73	57	5	9	10
HMC 2439	91	82	63	9	11	22
SVYG 0914	82	81	58	10	14	12
SVYG 9956	92	93	60	5	16	20
USAS 17150	89	92	91	6	8	11
XSQ 4508	89	85	52	23	23	22
Average	81	76	58	17	16	76
LSD (0.05)	31	39	36	22	13	39

Cultigen	Culls²
	Harvests 1 – 4	Harvests 5 – 8	Harvests 9  -12
Cardea	13	17	42
Cash  Machine	17	29	54
Green Machine	16	27	45
Leopard	6	14	26
Respect	14	48	74
Spineless  King	14	12	42
Spineless  Supreme	11	34	48
Tribute	34	32	42
23-147	42	53	78
1023-401	10	5	23
697	29	39	45
A10129	35	29	46
A10131	34	40	51
A10133	11	15	37
A10138	18	17	37
A10139	32	37	37
A10141	34	37	36
Bejo Exp. 10	14	6	19
E28Z.0069	22	27	43
HMC 2439	9	18	37
SVYG 0914	18	19	42
SVYG 9956	8	7	40
USAS 17150	11	8	9
XSQ 4508	11	15	48
Average	19	24	42
LSD (0.05)	31	39	36

Fruit Size (cm)

¹ Total of 12 harvests. Planting was 2 June 2020. Harvests 1-4 occurred on 8, 10 , 13 and 15 July; Harvests 5-8 occurred on 17, 20, 22 and 24 July; Harvests 9-12 occurred 27, 29 and 31 July; 3 August 2020.
² Culls consisted of primarily misshaped fruit.

Table 11. Zucchini Squash cultigen study – Percent plant stand count and average fruit length and width among replicated treatments. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Cultigen	% Stand¹	Cumulative Fruit Size
		Average Length (cm)	Average Width (cm)
Cardea	100	16.8	4.4
Cash  Machine	100	16.8	4.3
Green Machine	100	15.3	3.9
Leopard	95	16.0	4.4
Respect	98	15.6	4.1
Spineless  King	100	16.8	4.1
Spineless  Supreme	100	15.6	4.0
Tribute	98	17.4	4.3
23-147	100	14.5	3.7
1023-401	100	17.1	4.7
697	100	16.2	4.0
A10129	100	16.1	4.1
A10131	100	17.3	4.3
A10133	100	16.6	4.0
A10138	100	17.8	3.9
A10139	100	17.0	4.0
A10141	98	17.0	4.4
Bejo Exp. 10	100	17.0	4.7
E28Z.0069	100	17.1	4.5
HMC 2439	95	14.9	4.1
SVYG 0914	100	16.1	4.4
SVYG 9956	98	15.5	4.2
USAS 17150	100	17.2	5.0
XSQ 4508	100	16.9	4.6
Average	99	16	4
LSD (0.05)	4	1.2	0.3

Fruit Size (cm)

Cultigen	Harvest 3		Harvest 6
	Average Length	Average Width	Average Length	Average Width
Cardea	17.4	4.5	17.0	4.6
Cash  Machine	16.9	4.3	18.0	4.8
Green Machine	17.0	4.3	15.6	4.2
Leopard	15.7	4.4	16.9	4.8
Respect	16.3	4.4	15.4	4.6
Spineless  King	16.8	4.0	17.7	4.7
Spineless  Supreme	16.1	4.0	16.8	4.7
Tribute	17.9	4.5	16.6	4.4
23-147	15.2	3.8	15.5	4.2
1023-401	16.6	4.5	17.5	5.1
697	15.8	3.8	16.6	4.5
A10129	15.9	3.9	15.7	4.5
A10131	17.4	4.1	17.6	4.4
A10133	16.8	4.3	16.4	4.3
A10138	18.2	3.9	17.0	4.2
A10139	16.6	4.0	16.4	4.3
A10141	17.3	4.5	16.8	4.9
Bejo Exp. 10	17.1	4.6	16.4	4.9
E28Z.0069	16.5	4.2	17.3	4.9
HMC 2439	15.8	4.1	14.5	4.2
SVYG 0914	16.2	4.2	16.8	5.0
SVYG 9956	16.4	4.3	14.7	4.3
USAS 17150	17.8	4.9	15.3	4.6
XSQ 4508	16.7	4.6	17.0	4.9
Average	17	4	16	5
LSD (0.05)	1.9	0.6	1.7	0.6

Fruit Size (cm)

Cultigen	Harvest 9		Harvest 12
	Average Length	Average Width	Average Length	Average Width
Cardea	16.1	4.1	16.8	4.2
Cash  Machine	16.3	4.2	16.1	3.9
Green Machine	14.7	3.8	13.9	3.3
Leopard	16.5	4.6	14.8	3.9
Respect	15.2	3.8	15.3	3.6
Spineless  King	15.8	4.0	16.9	3.8
Spineless  Supreme	14.4	3.7	15.0	3.4
Tribute	16.3	4.1	18.9	4.4
23-147	14.0	3.6	13.1	3.1
1023-401	16.3	4.5	18.0	4.6
697	15.6	3.8	16.9	3.8
A10129	15.3	3.8	17.6	4.1
A10131	15.4	4.1	18.7	4.5
A10133	16.8	3.9	16.3	3.6
A10138	18.1	3.9	17.8	3.6
A10139	16.4	3.7	18.6	4.1
A10141	17.1	4.4	16.7	4.0
Bejo Exp. 10	16.2	4.4	18.5	4.9
E28Z.0069	17.0	4.5	17.6	4.4
HMC 2439	14.7	4.0	14.4	3.9
SVYG 0914	15.0	4.1	16.5	4.5
SVYG 9956	14.4	3.8	17.1	4.5
USAS 17150	17.4	5.0	18.2	5.4
XSQ 4508	16.0	4.3	17.8	4.6
Average	16	4	17	4
LSD (0.05)	1.7	0.4	2.5	0.7

¹Final plant stand count was taken on 19 June 2020.

Table 12. Zucchini Squash cultigen study – Plant growth quality data. Clayton, NC, 2020.

Cultigen	Plant Architecture1	Plant Vigor2	Fruit Color3	Spine4	Powdery Mildew5
Cardea	5.0	8.8	3.9	3.2	6.0
Cash Machine	7.7	6.8	4.0	5.5	8.0
Green Machine	4.8	8.5	3.8	7.8	6.5
Leopard	2.8	7.0	3.8	9.0	6.8
Respect	3.5	6.8	4.5	4.0	4.8
Spineless King	7.3	8.5	3.5	1.0	7.5
Spineless Supreme	4.0	8.5	3.6	1.5	5.5
Tribute	2.8	7.3	3.9	3.5	5.1
23-147	5.8	8.5	4.1	2.3	8.0
23-401	3.3	7.8	4.2	3.3	3.9
697	2.2	7.3	4.3	2.5	5.4
A10129	3.0	7.0	4.1	3.5	3.4
A10131	2.0	6.8	4.1	3.3	2.9
A10133	2.2	7.8	3.8	4.5	7.8
A10138	2.7	7.3	4.0	6.0	4.1
A10139	3.0	7.3	4.1	3.0	3.3
A10141	3.3	7.5	4.4	4.0	3.3
Bejo Experimental 10	3.0	7.8	4.1	3.7	3.1
E28Z.00697	2.2	7.0	4.1	3.2	4.9
HMC 24939	2.7	6.0	3.8	5.8	5.6
SVYG9956	4.8	8.0	3.9	4.7	5.9
SVYG0914	5.0	8.3	3.9	2.5	5.3
USAS 17150	4.0	8.0	3.8	1.5	7.5
XSQ4508	1.8	7.8	4.0	6.3	5.5
Average	3.7	7.6	4.0	4.0	5.4
LSD (0.05)	1.2	1.4	0.2	1.0	1.3

¹ Plant architecture ratings were taken on 15 July 2020 and are on a scale of 1-10; 1 = open, 10 = dense.
² Vigor ratings for plant foliage were taken on 15 July 2020 and are on a scale of 1-10; 1 = small plants, 10 = robust, vigorous plants.
³ Color ratings for fruit were taken on 15 and 27 July and are on a scale of 1-5; 1 = pale green , 5 = dark green.
⁴ Spine ratings for plant stem and plant foliage were taken on 3 August 2020 and are on a scale of 1-10; 1 = no spines, 10 = coarse and many spines.
⁵ Powdery Mildew ratings for disease severity were taken on 14 August 2020 and are on a scale of 1-10; 1 = no damage due to PM, 10 = very high incidence on both vine and fruit.